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version: "1.0.1" name: cost-aware-llm-pipeline description: Cost optimization patterns for LLM API usage — model routing by task complexity, budget tracking, retry logic, and prompt caching. Use when LLM spend needs to come down, or when routing tasks across model tiers and budgets. metadata: origin: ECC
Cost-Aware LLM Pipeline
Patterns for controlling LLM API costs while maintaining quality. Combines model routing, budget tracking, retry logic, and prompt caching into a composable pipeline.
When to Activate
- Building applications that call LLM APIs (Claude, GPT, etc.)
- Processing batches of items with varying complexity
- Need to stay within a budget for API spend
- Optimizing cost without sacrificing quality on complex tasks
Core Concepts
1. Model Routing by Task Complexity
Automatically select cheaper models for simple tasks, reserving expensive models for complex ones.
MODEL_SONNET = "claude-sonnet-5"MODEL_HAIKU = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001"_SONNET_TEXT_THRESHOLD = 10_000 # chars_SONNET_ITEM_THRESHOLD = 30 # itemsdef select_model(text_length: int,item_count: int,force_model: str | None = None,) -> str:"""Select model based on task complexity."""if force_model is not None:return force_modelif text_length >= _SONNET_TEXT_THRESHOLD or item_count >= _SONNET_ITEM_THRESHOLD:return MODEL_SONNET # Complex taskreturn MODEL_HAIKU # Simple task (3-4x cheaper)
2. Immutable Cost Tracking
Track cumulative spend with frozen dataclasses. Each API call returns a new tracker — never mutates state.
from dataclasses import dataclass@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)class CostRecord:model: strinput_tokens: intoutput_tokens: intcost_usd: float@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)class CostTracker:budget_limit: float = 1.00records: tuple[CostRecord, ...] = ()def add(self, record: CostRecord) -> "CostTracker":"""Return new tracker with added record (never mutates self)."""return CostTracker(budget_limit=self.budget_limit,records=(*self.records, record),)@propertydef total_cost(self) -> float:return sum(r.cost_usd for r in self.records)@propertydef over_budget(self) -> bool:return self.total_cost > self.budget_limit
3. Narrow Retry Logic
Retry only on transient errors. Fail fast on authentication or bad request errors.
from anthropic import (APIConnectionError,InternalServerError,RateLimitError,)_RETRYABLE_ERRORS = (APIConnectionError, RateLimitError, InternalServerError)_MAX_RETRIES = 3def call_with_retry(func, *, max_retries: int = _MAX_RETRIES):"""Retry only on transient errors, fail fast on others."""for attempt in range(max_retries):try:return func()except _RETRYABLE_ERRORS:if attempt == max_retries - 1:raisetime.sleep(2 ** attempt) # Exponential backoff# AuthenticationError, BadRequestError etc. → raise immediately
4. Prompt Caching
Cache long system prompts to avoid resending them on every request.
messages = [{"role": "user","content": [{"type": "text","text": system_prompt,"cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral"}, # Cache this},{"type": "text","text": user_input, # Variable part},],}]
Composition
Combine all four techniques in a single pipeline function:
def process(text: str, config: Config, tracker: CostTracker) -> tuple[Result, CostTracker]:# 1. Route modelmodel = select_model(len(text), estimated_items, config.force_model)# 2. Check budgetif tracker.over_budget:raise BudgetExceededError(tracker.total_cost, tracker.budget_limit)# 3. Call with retry + cachingresponse = call_with_retry(lambda: client.messages.create(model=model,messages=build_cached_messages(system_prompt, text),))# 4. Track cost (immutable)record = CostRecord(model=model, input_tokens=..., output_tokens=..., cost_usd=...)tracker = tracker.add(record)return parse_result(response), tracker
Pricing Reference (2026)
| Model | Input ($/1M tokens) | Output ($/1M tokens) | Relative Cost | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haiku 3.5 (legacy) | $0.80 | $4.00 | 0.8x | |
| Haiku 4.5 | $1.00 | $5.00 | 1x | |
| Sonnet 5 | $2.00 | $10.00 | 2x | |
| Sonnet 4.6 | $3.00 | $15.00 | 3x | |
| Opus 4.8 | $5.00 | $25.00 | 5x | |
| Fable 5 / Mythos 5 | $10.00 | $50.00 | 10x | |
| Opus 4.0 / 4.1 (legacy) | $15.00 | $75.00 | 15x |
Best Practices
- Start with the cheapest model and only route to expensive models when complexity thresholds are met
- Set explicit budget limits before processing batches — fail early rather than overspend
- Log model selection decisions so you can tune thresholds based on real data
- Use prompt caching for system prompts over 1024 tokens — saves both cost and latency
- Never retry on authentication or validation errors — only transient failures (network, rate limit, server error)
Anti-Patterns to Avoid
- Using the most expensive model for all requests regardless of complexity
- Retrying on all errors (wastes budget on permanent failures)
- Mutating cost tracking state (makes debugging and auditing difficult)
- Hardcoding model names throughout the codebase (use constants or config)
- Ignoring prompt caching for repetitive system prompts
When to Use
- Any application calling Claude, OpenAI, or similar LLM APIs
- Batch processing pipelines where cost adds up quickly
- Multi-model architectures that need intelligent routing
- Production systems that need budget guardrails