affaan-m/everything-claude-code/perl-testing

# Step 1: RED — Write a failing test
# t/unit/calculator.t
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
 
use lib 'lib';
use Calculator;
 
subtest 'addition' => sub {
    my $calc = Calculator->new;
    is($calc->add(2, 3), 5, 'adds two numbers');
    is($calc->add(-1, 1), 0, 'handles negatives');
};
 
done_testing;
 
# Step 2: GREEN — Write minimal implementation
# lib/Calculator.pm
package Calculator;
use v5.36;
use Moo;
 
sub add($self, $a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}
 
1;
 
# Step 3: REFACTOR — Improve while tests stay green
# Run: prove -lv t/unit/calculator.t

use v5.36;
use Test::More;
 
# Plan upfront or use done_testing
# plan tests => 5;  # Fixed plan (optional)
 
# Equality
is($result, 42, 'returns correct value');
isnt($result, 0, 'not zero');
 
# Boolean
ok($user->is_active, 'user is active');
ok(!$user->is_banned, 'user is not banned');
 
# Deep comparison
is_deeply(
    $got,
    { name => 'Alice', roles => ['admin'] },
    'returns expected structure'
);
 
# Pattern matching
like($error, qr/not found/i, 'error mentions not found');
unlike($output, qr/password/, 'output hides password');
 
# Type check
isa_ok($obj, 'MyApp::User');
can_ok($obj, 'save', 'delete');
 
done_testing;

use v5.36;
use Test::More;
 
# Skip tests conditionally
SKIP: {
    skip 'No database configured', 2 unless $ENV{TEST_DB};
 
    my $db = connect_db();
    ok($db->ping, 'database is reachable');
    is($db->version, '15', 'correct PostgreSQL version');
}
 
# Mark expected failures
TODO: {
    local $TODO = 'Caching not yet implemented';
    is($cache->get('key'), 'value', 'cache returns value');
}
 
done_testing;

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
 
# Hash builder — check partial structure
is(
    $user->to_hash,
    hash {
        field name  => 'Alice';
        field email => match(qr/\@example\.com$/);
        field age   => validator(sub { $_ >= 18 });
        # Ignore other fields
        etc();
    },
    'user has expected fields'
);
 
# Array builder
is(
    $result,
    array {
        item 'first';
        item match(qr/^second/);
        item DNE();  # Does Not Exist — verify no extra items
    },
    'result matches expected list'
);
 
# Bag — order-independent comparison
is(
    $tags,
    bag {
        item 'perl';
        item 'testing';
        item 'tdd';
    },
    'has all required tags regardless of order'
);

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
 
subtest 'User creation' => sub {
    my $user = User->new(name => 'Alice', email => 'alice@example.com');
    ok($user, 'user object created');
    is($user->name, 'Alice', 'name is set');
    is($user->email, 'alice@example.com', 'email is set');
};
 
subtest 'User validation' => sub {
    my $warnings = warns {
        User->new(name => '', email => 'bad');
    };
    ok($warnings, 'warns on invalid data');
};
 
done_testing;

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
 
# Test that code dies
like(
    dies { divide(10, 0) },
    qr/Division by zero/,
    'dies on division by zero'
);
 
# Test that code lives
ok(lives { divide(10, 2) }, 'division succeeds') or note($@);
 
# Combined pattern
subtest 'error handling' => sub {
    ok(lives { parse_config('valid.json') }, 'valid config parses');
    like(
        dies { parse_config('missing.json') },
        qr/Cannot open/,
        'missing file dies with message'
    );
};
 
done_testing;

t/
├── 00-load.t              # Verify modules compile
├── 01-basic.t             # Core functionality
├── unit/
│   ├── config.t           # Unit tests by module
│   ├── user.t
│   └── util.t
├── integration/
│   ├── database.t
│   └── api.t
├── lib/
│   └── TestHelper.pm      # Shared test utilities
└── fixtures/
    ├── config.json        # Test data files
    └── users.csv

# Run all tests
prove -l t/
 
# Verbose output
prove -lv t/
 
# Run specific test
prove -lv t/unit/user.t
 
# Recursive search
prove -lr t/
 
# Parallel execution (8 jobs)
prove -lr -j8 t/
 
# Run only failing tests from last run
prove -l --state=failed t/
 
# Colored output with timer
prove -l --color --timer t/
 
# TAP output for CI
prove -l --formatter TAP::Formatter::JUnit t/ > results.xml

-l
--color
--timer
-r
-j4
--state=save

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
use Path::Tiny;
 
subtest 'file processing' => sub {
    # Setup
    my $dir = tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
    my $file = path($dir, 'input.txt');
    $file->spew_utf8("line1\nline2\nline3\n");
 
    # Test
    my $result = process_file("$file");
    is($result->{line_count}, 3, 'counts lines');
 
    # Teardown happens automatically (CLEANUP => 1)
};

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use Test::MockModule;
 
subtest 'mock external API' => sub {
    my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('MyApp::API');
 
    # Good: Mock returns controlled data
    $mock->mock(fetch_user => sub ($self, $id) {
        return { id => $id, name => 'Mock User', email => 'mock@test.com' };
    });
 
    my $api = MyApp::API->new;
    my $user = $api->fetch_user(42);
    is($user->{name}, 'Mock User', 'returns mocked user');
 
    # Verify call count
    my $call_count = 0;
    $mock->mock(fetch_user => sub { $call_count++; return {} });
    $api->fetch_user(1);
    $api->fetch_user(2);
    is($call_count, 2, 'fetch_user called twice');
 
    # Mock is automatically restored when $mock goes out of scope
};
 
# Bad: Monkey-patching without restoration
# *MyApp::API::fetch_user = sub { ... };  # NEVER — leaks across tests

# Basic coverage report
cover -test
 
# Or step by step
perl -MDevel::Cover -Ilib t/unit/user.t
cover
 
# HTML report
cover -report html
open cover_db/coverage.html
 
# Specific thresholds
cover -test -report text | grep 'Total'
 
# CI-friendly: fail under threshold
cover -test && cover -report text -select '^lib/' \
  | perl -ne 'if (/Total.*?(\d+\.\d+)/) { exit 1 if $1 < 80 }'

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use DBI;
 
subtest 'database integration' => sub {
    my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:SQLite:dbname=:memory:', '', '', {
        RaiseError => 1,
    });
    $dbh->do('CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)');
 
    $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)')->execute('Alice');
    my $row = $dbh->selectrow_hashref('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?', undef, 'Alice');
    is($row->{name}, 'Alice', 'inserted and retrieved user');
};
 
done_testing;

# Bad: Test file runs but doesn't verify all tests executed
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
# Missing done_testing — silent bugs if test code is skipped
 
# Good: Always end with done_testing
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
done_testing;

# Bad: Modules in lib/ not found
prove t/unit/user.t
# Can't locate MyApp/User.pm in @INC
 
# Good: Include lib/ in @INC
prove -l t/unit/user.t