version: "1.0.0" name: compiling-with-metal-shaderconverter description: ALWAYS use when compiling DXIL/HLSL to metallib with Metal shader converter (commonly referred to as MSC) via the metal-shaderconverter CLI or libmetalirconverter (IRCompiler, IRObject, IRShaderReflection) at runtime. Covers offline/runtime DXIL compilation, root signatures, reflection output, ray tracing shaders, geometry/tessellation emulation compilation, framebuffer fetch in HLSL, programmable blending in HLSL, Metal_HLSL.inc, and compatibility flags. Do NOT trigger for binding compiled shaders to encoders — use integrating-metal-shaderconverter-shaders for that.

Metal shader converter — CLI & Library

Overview

Two modes: CLI (metal-shaderconverter) for offline/build-time compilation, library (libmetalirconverter C API) for runtime compilation. Both produce metallibs consumed by the Metal framework. Use the CLI for build pipelines and asset cooking; use the library when DXIL must be compiled at runtime (e.g., an engine that ships DXIL and compiles to metallib on first load).

For binding compiled shaders to Metal encoders at draw/dispatch time, see integrating-metal-shaderconverter-shaders.

Decision Guide

CLI

Step 1: Check availability

metal-shaderconverter --version

If not found, download from https://developer.apple.com/download/all/?q=Metal%20Shader%20Converter

Step 2: Read the man page

man metal-shaderconverter | col -b

Authoritative flag reference. If unavailable, use metal-shaderconverter --help.

Step 3: Key invocations

metal-shaderconverter only accepts DXIL — compile HLSL with DXC first:

dxc -T vs_6_0 -E main shader.hlsl -Fo shader.dxil
metal-shaderconverter shader.dxil -o shader.metallib

Generate reflection alongside the metallib when binding code is needed:

metal-shaderconverter shader.dxil -o shader.metallib --output-reflection-file shader.json

Read references/cli.md for multi-shader workflows and debug/dsym handling.

Library (libmetalirconverter)

Step 1: Read the API reference

man libmetalirconverter | col -b

If the man page is unavailable, read the header at metal_irconverter/metal_irconverter.h (macOS default: /usr/local/include/metal_irconverter/).

Step 2: Link

Link against metalirconverter (-lmetalirconverter). The library is at /usr/local/lib/libmetalirconverter.dylib on macOS by default.

#include <metal_irconverter/metal_irconverter.h>

Step 3: Key patterns

The notes below cover what's easy to miss when reading the API reference. See references/library.md for a complete compile-loop example.

Lifetime. rootSig must outlive the IRCompiler that references it — destroy the compiler first. Don't share an IRCompiler across threads concurrently; compilation is expensive, prefer worker threads or pre-compile offline.

Bytecode extraction. On Apple, IRMetalLibGetBytecodeData(lib) returns a zero-copy dispatch_data_t that [MTLDevice newLibraryWithData:error:] consumes directly. Non-Apple: use IRMetalLibGetBytecodeSize + IRMetalLibGetBytecode to copy into a caller-owned buffer.

Reflection. Each IRShaderReflectionCopy*Info allocates; always pair with the matching Release*Info. Same rule for IRShaderReflectionCopyFunctionConstants.

Root signature struct initialization. The header documents the struct fields but not how to populate them — see references/library.md.

Read references/library.md for the complete compile loop, root signature struct initialization, per-compilation-reset options, and ray tracing compilation.

HLSL Metal-language features

Metal shader converter 3.0+ exposes Metal features to HLSL via Metal_HLSL.inc: function constants for shader specialization, and framebuffer fetch for programmable blending.

See references/hlsl-metal-extensions.md for declaration syntax, compile flags (CLI and library), and the root signature caveat.

Anti-patterns

1. Freeing DXIL before compile returns with `IRBytecodeOwnershipNone` — the IRObject holds a raw pointer; keep the buffer alive until after compile returns.
2. Calling `CopyXxxInfo` without the matching `ReleaseXxxInfo` — each Copy allocates; the Release frees it.
3. Setting root signature after calling compile — IRCompilerSetGlobalRootSignature must be called before IRCompilerAllocCompileAndLink.
4. Caching reflection JSON across library versions — the JSON format may change between versions; deserializing data from a different version causes undefined behavior.