h30190/hjplus_taiwan_architect_kb/smoke-exhaust-review

Smoke Exhaust Compliance Review

Overview

This skill provides comprehensive smoke exhaust code compliance evaluation for buildings under Taiwan's dual regulatory framework. It should be invoked when:

• Determining whether a building requires smoke exhaust systems
• Calculating effective smoke exhaust window areas
• Evaluating windowless floor or windowless room classifications
• Reviewing smoke compartment partitioning requirements
• Checking supplementary requirements under §101 (exhaust volume, central control room)

Section 1: Regulatory Framework

Taiwan smoke exhaust obligations are governed by two parallel regulatory systems. Both must be satisfied; the stricter requirement prevails.

Section 2: Trigger Conditions

Three independent entry points trigger the smoke exhaust obligation. If any one is met, smoke exhaust systems are required.

Entry A: Windowless Floor (Fire Safety §4 + §28③)

interface WindowlessFloorCheck {
  floorArea: number;           // m² — gross floor area
  effectiveOpeningArea: number; // m² — sum of qualifying openings
  // Qualifying opening criteria:
  //   - inscribed circle diameter ≥ 50cm
  //   - sill height ≤ 120cm above floor
  //   - faces road or ≥ 1m wide passage
  //   - no grilles; glass thickness ≤ 6mm
  //   - floors ≤ 10F: at least 2 large openings (diameter ≥ 1m)
}

Entry B: Designated Occupancy (Building Tech Reg §100① + Fire Safety §28①)

Entry C: Windowless Room (Building Tech Reg §1-35-3 + §100②)

Section 3: Smoke Compartment Partitioning

Section 4: Effective Smoke Exhaust Area Calculation

Per National Fire Agency Interpretation Letter No. 0920093655 (2003-09-01), Proposal 1:

interface SmokeExhaustWindowCalc {
  ceilingHeight: number;        // m — ceiling height
  effectiveZoneTop: number;     // m — equals ceilingHeight
  effectiveZoneBottom: number;  // m — ceilingHeight - 0.8
  windows: WindowData[];
}
interface WindowData {
  sillHeight: number;           // m — window sill elevation
  headHeight: number;           // m — window head elevation
  width: number;                // m — window width
  openingCategory: OpeningCategory;
  openingAngleDeg?: number;     // degrees — required for 'rotary' category
}
type OpeningCategory =
  | 'rotary'    // pivot, awning, hopper, tilt-and-turn, louver — uses angle formula
  | 'sliding'   // sliding, hung, casement (bi-fold) — So = S
  | 'fixed';    // cannot open — So = 0

Effective Opening Area Formula

Per Fire Safety Equipment Standards §189, §190 and Interpretation Letter:

Category 1: Rotary windows (pivot, awning, hopper, tilt-and-turn, louver):

Category 2: Sliding/bi-fold windows (sliding, hung, casement):

• So = S (opening area = effective area)

Category 3: Fixed windows:

• So = 0 (cannot open, no exhaust value)

Calculation Steps

1. Define effective zone: [ceilingHeight - 0.8, ceilingHeight]
2. Per window:

• Clamp head to ceiling: effectiveHead = min(headHeight, ceilingHeight)
• Height in zone: zoneHeight = effectiveHead - max(sillHeight, effectiveZoneBottom)
• Area in zone (S): S = width × max(zoneHeight, 0)
• Effective area (So):
• If openingCategory === 'rotary': apply angle formula
• If openingCategory === 'sliding': So = S
• If openingCategory === 'fixed': So = 0

1. Sum all effective areas
2. Compliance: Σ So ≥ compartmentArea × 0.02

Angle Formula Function

function calcEffectiveArea(S: number, angleDeg: number): number {
  if (angleDeg >= 45) return S;
  if (angleDeg > 0) return (angleDeg / 45) * S;
  return 0;
}

Additional Constraint

Section 5: Supplementary Requirements (§101)

5-1: Mechanical Exhaust Volume

5-2: Central Control Room

When either condition is met, smoke exhaust controls must be located in a central control room (防災中心).

Section 6: MCP Integration

Taiwan Building Code Search

// Query smoke exhaust regulations
taiwan-building-code_search_building_code(query: "排煙設備")
taiwan-building-code_search_building_code(query: "建技規 第一百條 排煙")
taiwan-building-code_search_building_code(query: "防煙區劃 防煙壁")
// Query windowless floor and room definitions
taiwan-building-code_search_building_code(query: "無開口樓層")
taiwan-building-code_search_building_code(query: "無窗居室 第三十五款")
// Query official interpretations
taiwan-building-code_search_building_interpretations(query: "排煙窗 有效面積")
taiwan-building-code_search_building_interpretations(query: "防煙區劃 面積計算")

Section 7: References

• Building Technical Regulations (Design & Construction) §1, §69, §100-102
• Fire Safety Equipment Standards for Various Premises §4, §28, §188-190
• National Fire Agency Interpretation Letter No. 0920093655 (2003-09-01), Proposal 1: Effective opening area determination for smoke exhaust windows