jaycheng113/skill-retrieval-mcp/postgres-migrations

Claude Code and agent skill by jaycheng113/skill-retrieval-mcp

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Apply schema changes to a live PostgreSQL database without taking downtime or locking out writers.

Install

npx vskill@latest install jaycheng113/skill-retrieval-mcp/postgres-migrations

SKILL.md

PostgreSQL migrations without downtime

Adding a NOT NULL column to a large table rewrites it under an ACCESS EXCLUSIVE lock, which blocks every reader and writer for the duration. Split it instead:

  1. Add the column as nullable with no default.
  2. Backfill in batches, committing between batches so the lock is never held long.
  3. Add a NOT VALID check constraint, then VALIDATE CONSTRAINT separately —

validation takes only a SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock.

Dropping a column is metadata-only and safe. Renaming one is not: the old and new name cannot both be live, so deploy a read-both/write-both shim first.

Always set lock_timeout before DDL. Without it a migration that cannot acquire its lock will queue behind a long transaction and block everything behind it too.

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Source

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