version: "1.0.1" name: "performance" description: "Deep performance optimization knowledge for the Lichtblick codebase. Covers profiling techniques, common bottlenecks, memory management patterns, and optimization strategies specific to real-time data visualization."

Performance Skill

Profiling Workflow

Chrome DevTools

1. Performance tab: Record during playback, look for long tasks (>50ms)
2. Memory tab: Take heap snapshots before/after operations, check for leaks
3. Performance Monitor: Watch JS heap size, DOM nodes, layouts/sec in real-time
4. Layers panel: Identify unnecessary compositing layers (GPU memory)

Key Metrics

• Frame budget: 16.6ms at 60fps — anything longer causes jank
• Tick budget: IterablePlayer caps at 300ms per tick
• GC pressure: Frequent minor GCs indicate excessive allocation
• Transfer size: Transferable objects (ArrayBuffer) should use zero-copy transfer

Common Bottlenecks

1. Message Processing (Player → Pipeline)

• Symptom: Dropped frames during high-rate playback
• Cause: Too many messages per tick, deserialization cost
• Fix: Batch processing, Worker-based deserialization, subscription filtering

2. Render State Building (Pipeline → Panel)

• Symptom: All panels re-render even when their data hasn't changed
• Cause: Missing memoization in renderState.ts, non-stable references
• Fix: Ensure buildRenderState returns same reference when data unchanged

3. 3D Scene Updates (Panel rendering)

• Symptom: Low FPS in 3D panel with many objects
• Cause: Per-frame geometry creation, excessive draw calls
• Fix: DynamicBufferGeometry reuse, instanced rendering, frustum culling

4. Chart Rendering (Plot panel)

• Symptom: Plot panel laggy with many data points
• Cause: Chart.js processing 50k+ points on main thread
• Fix: Worker-based dataset building (50k cap per series), OffscreenCanvas

5. Memory Pressure (Caching)

• Symptom: Browser tab crashes or becomes unresponsive
• Cause: Cache exceeds budget, large messages retained
• Fix: Respect the 600MB player-level message cache budget (CachingIterableSource), evict behind read head, lazy deserialization. Note: this is separate from the 500MB default HTTP-layer cache in RemoteFileReadable/CachedFilelike used for remote file reads.

Optimization Patterns

Zero-Copy Transfer

// Transfer ArrayBuffer to Worker (not copy)
Comlink.transfer({ buffer: myArrayBuffer }, [myArrayBuffer]);
// After transfer, myArrayBuffer.byteLength === 0 (detached)

Object Pooling (3D)

// Reuse Vector3 instances instead of creating new ones
const tempVec = new THREE.Vector3();
function updatePosition(x: number, y: number, z: number) {
  tempVec.set(x, y, z);
  mesh.position.copy(tempVec);
}

Structural Sharing (State)

// Only create new object if data actually changed
const newMessages = messages !== prevMessages ? [...messages, ...newBatch] : prevMessages;

Debounced Emission

// Coalesce rapid state updates
#scheduleEmit() {
  if (this.#emitScheduled) return;
  this.#emitScheduled = true;
  queueMicrotask(() => {
    this.#emitScheduled = false;
    this.#emitStateImpl();
  });
}

Subscription Filtering

// Only request data for topics panels actually need
const activeTopics = mergeSubscriptions(allPanelSubscriptions);
player.setSubscriptions(activeTopics); // Player only iterates these

Memory Management

Identifying Leaks

1. Take heap snapshot A (baseline)
2. Perform operation (open/close panel, play/seek)
3. Force GC (DevTools → Memory → Collect garbage)
4. Take heap snapshot B
5. Compare: Objects in B not in A = potential leaks

Common Leak Sources

• Unremoved event listeners (especially on window or document)
• Unreleased Comlink proxies (Worker not disposed)
• Retained message references in closed panels
• Subscription callbacks not unsubscribed on unmount

Prevention

• FinalizationRegistry for Worker proxy cleanup (see ComlinkWrap)
• useEffect cleanup functions for all subscriptions
• WeakRef / WeakMap for caches that shouldn't prevent GC
• Explicit .dispose() calls in panel unmount

Benchmarking

• Project benchmark suite: benchmark/ directory
• Run: cd benchmark && yarn start
• Measures: message throughput, deserialization speed, render time
• Use for before/after comparison when optimizing