marshall0524/everythingclaudecode/springboot-tdd

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使用JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers和JaCoCo进行Spring Boot的测试驱动开发。适用于添加功能、修复错误或重构时。

Install

npx vskill@latest install marshall0524/everythingclaudecode/springboot-tdd

SKILL.md

Spring Boot TDD 工作流程

适用于 Spring Boot 服务、覆盖率 80%+(单元 + 集成)的 TDD 指南。

何时使用

  • 新功能或端点
  • 错误修复或重构
  • 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则

工作流程

  1. 先写测试(它们应该失败)
  2. 实现最小代码以通过测试
  3. 在测试通过后进行重构
  4. 强制覆盖率(JaCoCo)

单元测试 (JUnit 5 + Mockito)

java
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MarketServiceTest {
@Mock MarketRepository repo;
@InjectMocks MarketService service;
@Test
void createsMarket() {
CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));
when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
Market result = service.create(req);
assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");
verify(repo).save(any());
}
}

模式:

  • Arrange-Act-Assert
  • 避免部分模拟;优先使用显式桩
  • 使用 @ParameterizedTest 处理变体

Web 层测试 (MockMvc)

java
@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)
class MarketControllerTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean MarketService marketService;
@Test
void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {
when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());
mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());
}
}

集成测试 (SpringBootTest)

java
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class MarketIntegrationTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
void createsMarket() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("""
{"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}
"""))
.andExpect(status().isCreated());
}
}

持久层测试 (DataJpaTest)

java
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)
class MarketRepositoryTest {
@Autowired MarketRepository repo;
@Test
void savesAndFinds() {
MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();
entity.setName("Test");
repo.save(entity);
Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");
assertThat(found).isPresent();
}
}

Testcontainers

  • 对 Postgres/Redis 使用可复用的容器以镜像生产环境
  • 通过 @DynamicPropertySource 连接,将 JDBC URL 注入 Spring 上下文

覆盖率 (JaCoCo)

Maven 片段:

xml
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.8.14</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>report</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>

断言

  • 为可读性,优先使用 AssertJ (assertThat)
  • 对于 JSON 响应,使用 jsonPath
  • 对于异常:assertThatThrownBy(...)

测试数据构建器

java
class MarketBuilder {
private String name = "Test";
MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }
Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }
}

CI 命令

  • Maven: mvn -T 4 test 或 mvn verify
  • Gradle: ./gradlew test jacocoTestReport

记住:保持测试快速、隔离且确定。测试行为,而非实现细节。

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