name: gtex-download-data description: Download GTEx v8/v10 gene expression data (bulk RNA-seq TPMs, read counts, or median expression per tissue) from the GTEx Portal API or static URLs. Returns tissue-gene matrices. metadata: version: "1.0.0"

GTEx Download Data

Purpose

Download gene expression profiles from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project.

This skill supports:

• downloading GTEx median expression data (v8 or v10)
• querying tissue-specific expression for individual genes
• downloading sample-level TPM or read count matrices
• filtering by tissue type
• generating tissue × gene expression matrices

This skill is for data acquisition only. It does not perform differential expression or tissue comparison analysis.

Supported data types

Expression data types available from GTEx:

• median_tpm – median TPM expression per gene per tissue (summary statistic)
• sample_tpm – sample-level TPM values (all replicates)
• read_counts – raw read counts from RNA-seq (lower-level data)
• tissue_metadata – tissue annotation and sample information
• gene_tpm – TPM values for specific genes across tissues (via API)

When to use

Use this skill when you need to:

• obtain gene expression profiles across normal tissues (GTEx)
• compare gene expression between tissue types
• download median expression for tissue-gene integrative analysis
• retrieve sample-level expression data for statistical modeling
• access tissue metadata and sample annotations

This skill may also be called internally by analysis or integration skills.

When not to use

Do not use this skill when you want:

• differential expression analysis between conditions
• tissue-specific regulatory network inference
• expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis
• disease-specific expression data (use TCGA for cancer)
• coexpression network analysis results

Use a GTEx analysis skill for those tasks.

Data source

Primary data source:

• GTEx Portal: https://gtexportal.org/
• GTEx Portal API: https://gtexportal.org/api/v2/
• GTEx Analysis static files (GCP): https://storage.googleapis.com/gtex_analysis_v*/

The dataset provides:

• RNA-seq expression data from 930+ donors
• 54 tissue types
• no authentication required for public data
• structured query API for programmatic access
• static release files (v8 and v10)

Parameters

--data-type

Type of expression data to download.

Choices:

• median_tpm – tissue-level median TPM (summary, recommended for quick access)
• sample_tpm – sample-level TPM values
• read_counts – raw read counts
• tissue_metadata – tissue and sample information
• gene_tpm – expression for specific genes

Required: yes Default: none (must be specified)

--genes

Comma-separated list of gene symbols to download.

Use when:

• interested in specific genes (e.g., TP53, BRCA1)
• combining with --data-type gene_tpm
• reducing data volume for targeted analysis

Format:

• gene symbols: TP53,BRCA1,EGFR
• case-insensitive
• matched to GTEx gene annotations

If omitted with gene_tpm:

• all genes are returned (very large download)

Example:

• --genes TP53,KRAS,EGFR – three genes only

--tissues

Comma-separated list of tissue types to download.

Use when:

• interested in specific tissues (e.g., liver, brain)
• reducing data volume

Format:

• tissue names as shown in GTEx (with spaces/dashes): Liver,Brain - Cortex,Muscle - Skeletal
• case-sensitive; must match GTEx exactly
• use --list-tissues to see valid names

If omitted:

• all tissues are returned

Example:

• --tissues Liver,Kidney,Heart – three tissues only

--version

GTEx analysis version to download.

Choices:

• v8 – GTEx Analysis v8 (default, larger dataset)
• v10 – GTEx Analysis v10 (latest)

Default: v8

--outdir

Output directory for downloaded files.

Use when:

• files need to be cached for reuse
• downstream tools need predictable file locations

Example:

• data/gtex_expression

Recommended:

• use separate directories for different versions or data types

--list-tissues

Print list of available GTEx tissue types and exit.

Use when:

• exploring available tissues
• constructing --tissues parameter

--manifest

Optional path to write manifest JSON with file metadata.

Use when:

• downstream analysis needs file paths
• reproducibility requires tracking data provenance

Parameter decision guide

Procedure

1. Validate parameters: check data type, version, tissues, genes
2. Query GTEx Portal API or identify static file URL
3. Download file from GTEx storage or API (streaming for large files)
4. Parse data format:

• GCT format: skip header lines, parse gene × sample matrix
• TSV format: parse directly with pandas

1. Filter by tissue if specified (optional)
2. Filter by gene if specified (optional)
3. Save to TSV with proper header and index
4. Write manifest JSON with metadata
5. Report: file size, matrix dimensions, tissues/genes included

Key execution patterns

Download median TPM for all tissues (v8)

python scripts/gtex_download_data.py \
  --data-type median_tpm \
  --version v8 \
  --outdir data/gtex_v8

Get median TPM for specific tissues

python scripts/gtex_download_data.py \
  --data-type median_tpm \
  --version v8 \
  --tissues "Liver,Kidney,Heart" \
  --outdir data/gtex_v8_tissue_subset

Download expression for specific genes via API

python scripts/gtex_download_data.py \
  --data-type gene_tpm \
  --version v8 \
  --genes TP53,BRCA1,EGFR \
  --outdir data/gtex_target_genes

List available tissues

python scripts/gtex_download_data.py \
  --list-tissues

Download with manifest for downstream use

python scripts/gtex_download_data.py \
  --data-type median_tpm \
  --version v8 \
  --outdir data/gtex_v8 \
  --manifest data/gtex_v8/manifest.json

GTEx Portal API patterns

Median expression endpoint

GET /expression/medianTranscriptExpression
Query: geneId (ENSG...), tissueSiteDetailId (tissue code), pageSize, offset

Gene expression endpoint

GET /expression/geneExpression
Query: geneId (ENSG), tissueSiteDetailId, datasetId

Tissue sites endpoint

GET /reference/tissueSites
Returns: all tissue metadata (names, codes, descriptions)

Available GTEx tissues (v8/v10)

Common tissue types:

• Brain: Brain - Amygdala, Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex, Brain - Caudate, Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere, Brain - Cerebellum, Brain - Cortex, Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9), Brain - Hippocampus, Brain - Hypothalamus, Brain - Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia), Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia), Brain - Spinal cord (cervical c-1), Brain - Substantia nigra
• Heart: Heart - Atrial Appendage, Heart - Left Ventricle
• Liver: Liver
• Kidney: Kidney - Cortex
• Muscle: Muscle - Skeletal
• Thyroid: Thyroid
• Blood: Whole Blood
• Gastrointestinal: Colon - Sigmoid, Colon - Transverse, Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction, Esophagus - Muscularis, Esophagus - Mucosa, Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum, Stomach
• Reproductive: Ovary, Prostate, Testis, Uterus, Vagina
• Other: Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Pituitary, Skin - Not Sun Exposed (Suprapubic), Skin - Sun Exposed (Lower leg), Spleen, Adipose - Subcutaneous, Adipose - Visceral (Omentum), Artery - Aorta, Artery - Coronary, Artery - Tibial, Breast - Mammary Tissue, Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes, Cells - Leukemia cell line (CML), Nerve - Tibial, Salivary Gland

Use --list-tissues for the complete current list.

Expected outputs

Median TPM matrix (if --data-type median_tpm)

File: expression_matrix.tsv

• Rows: gene IDs (ENSG) or symbols
• Columns: tissue types
• Values: median TPM (transcripts per million)
• Example: 55,000 genes × 54 tissues

Sample TPM matrix (if --data-type sample_tpm)

File: sample_expression_matrix.tsv

• Rows: genes
• Columns: GTEx sample IDs
• Values: TPM
• Example: 55,000 genes × 10,000+ samples (large file)

Read counts matrix (if --data-type read_counts)

File: read_counts_matrix.tsv

• Rows: genes
• Columns: samples
• Values: raw read counts
• Example: 55,000 genes × samples

Tissue metadata (if --data-type tissue_metadata)

File: tissue_metadata.tsv

• Rows: tissues
• Columns: tissue properties (ID, description, sample count, etc.)

Gene expression (if --data-type gene_tpm with specific genes)

File: gene_tpm.tsv

• Rows: tissues
• Columns: specified genes
• Values: median TPM

Manifest (if --manifest specified)

JSON file with:

• version, data type, download date
• tissues included, genes included
• local file path, size
• number of samples, number of genes

Failure modes

Fail with clear error message if:

• GTEx Portal/API is unreachable
• invalid --data-type specified
• invalid tissue names provided (not in GTEx)
• invalid gene symbols or IDs provided
• unsupported --version
• output directory cannot be created
• download fails and cannot be retried
• GCT format parsing fails (unexpected header)

Recover gracefully by:

• retrying failed downloads up to 3 times
• skipping invalid tissues/genes and continuing
• printing available tissues when --tissues has no matches
• providing suggestions for common issues

Best practices

• use --list-tissues before specifying --tissues to avoid typos
• start with --data-type median_tpm for most analyses (smaller, sufficient for summaries)
• include --manifest for reproducibility and downstream tracking
• reuse cached data from --outdir (script skips existing files)
• use --tissues to reduce data volume for large analyses
• use --genes with gene_tpm API queries for targeted access
• verify tissue names exactly (case-sensitive): "Brain - Cortex" not "brain-cortex"

Agent guidance

When using this skill:

• infer data type from user's analysis goals (e.g., "compare 3 genes across tissues" → gene_tpm)
• choose version based on requirements (v8 is default, larger sample set)
• use --list-tissues if user mentions specific tissues but format is unclear
• use tissue filtering for faster downloads if only a few tissues are needed
• use gene filtering with gene_tpm for fast, targeted queries
• always include --manifest when outputs feed downstream analysis