sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills/idor-testing

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Provide systematic methodologies for identifying and exploiting Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerabilities in web applications.

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SKILL.md

⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY
This skill is for educational purposes or authorized security assessments only.
You must have explicit, written permission from the system owner before using this tool.
Misuse of this tool is illegal and strictly prohibited.
Mandatory confirmation gate
Before running any command that probes, exploits, changes, persists on, extracts data from, or attempts credential access against a target:
1. Ask the user to state the exact target URL, IP, account, or resource.
2. Ask the user to confirm written authorization and the permitted scope.
3. Show the exact command(s) and explain their expected effect.
4. Wait for explicit confirmation in the current conversation.
Without that confirmation, remain read-only and provide defensive guidance only. Prefer a sandbox, disposable VM, or controlled lab.
AUTHORIZED USE ONLY: Use this skill only for authorized security assessments, defensive validation, or controlled educational environments.

IDOR Vulnerability Testing

Purpose

Provide systematic methodologies for identifying and exploiting Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerabilities in web applications. This skill covers both database object references and static file references, detection techniques using parameter manipulation and enumeration, exploitation via Burp Suite, and remediation strategies for securing applications against unauthorized access.

Inputs / Prerequisites

  • Target Web Application: URL of application with user-specific resources
  • Multiple User Accounts: At least two test accounts to verify cross-user access
  • Burp Suite or Proxy Tool: Intercepting proxy for request manipulation
  • Authorization: Written permission for security testing
  • Understanding of Application Flow: Knowledge of how objects are referenced (IDs, filenames)

Outputs / Deliverables

  • IDOR Vulnerability Report: Documentation of discovered access control bypasses
  • Proof of Concept: Evidence of unauthorized data access across user contexts
  • Affected Endpoints: List of vulnerable API endpoints and parameters
  • Impact Assessment: Classification of data exposure severity
  • Remediation Recommendations: Specific fixes for identified vulnerabilities

Core Workflow

1. Understand IDOR Vulnerability Types
Direct Reference to Database Objects

Occurs when applications reference database records via user-controllable parameters:

# Original URL (authenticated as User A)
example.com/user/profile?id=2023
# Manipulation attempt (accessing User B's data)
example.com/user/profile?id=2022
Direct Reference to Static Files

Occurs when applications expose file paths or names that can be enumerated:

# Original URL (User A's receipt)
example.com/static/receipt/205.pdf
# Manipulation attempt (User B's receipt)
example.com/static/receipt/200.pdf
2. Reconnaissance and Setup
Create Multiple Test Accounts
Account 1: "attacker" - Primary testing account
Account 2: "victim" - Account whose data we attempt to access
Identify Object References

Capture and analyze requests containing:

  • Numeric IDs in URLs: /api/user/123
  • Numeric IDs in parameters: ?id=123&action=view
  • Numeric IDs in request body: {"userId": 123}
  • File paths: /download/receipt_123.pdf
  • GUIDs/UUIDs: /profile/a1b2c3d4-e5f6-...
Map User IDs
# Access user ID endpoint (if available)
GET /api/user-id/
# Note ID patterns:
# - Sequential integers (1, 2, 3...)
# - Auto-incremented values
# - Predictable patterns
3. Detection Techniques
URL Parameter Manipulation
# Step 1: Capture original authenticated request
GET /api/user/profile?id=1001 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session
# Step 2: Modify ID to target another user
GET /api/user/profile?id=1000 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session
# Vulnerable if: Returns victim's data with attacker's session
Request Body Manipulation
# Original POST request
POST /api/address/update HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: session=attacker_session
{"id": 5, "userId": 1001, "address": "123 Attacker St"}
# Modified request targeting victim
{"id": 5, "userId": 1000, "address": "123 Attacker St"}
HTTP Method Switching
# Original GET request may be protected
GET /api/admin/users/1000 → 403 Forbidden
# Try alternative methods
POST /api/admin/users/1000 → 200 OK (verify protected data/action and policy)
PUT /api/admin/users/1000 → 200 OK (verify protected data/action and policy)
4. Exploitation with Burp Suite
Manual Exploitation
1. Configure browser proxy through Burp Suite
2. Login as "attacker" user
3. Navigate to profile/data page
4. Enable Intercept in Proxy tab
5. Capture request with user ID
6. Modify ID to victim's ID
7. Forward request
8. Observe response for victim's data
Automated Enumeration with Intruder
1. Send request to Intruder (Ctrl+I)
2. Clear all payload positions
3. Select ID parameter as payload position
4. Configure attack type: Sniper
5. Payload settings:
- Type: Numbers
- Range: 1 to 10000
- Step: 1
6. Start attack
7. Analyze responses for 200 status codes
Battering Ram Attack for Multiple Positions
# When same ID appears in multiple locations
PUT /api/addresses/§5§/update HTTP/1.1
{"id": §5§, "userId": 3}
Attack Type: Battering Ram
Payload: Numbers 1-1000
5. Common IDOR Locations
API Endpoints
/api/user/{id}
/api/profile/{id}
/api/order/{id}
/api/invoice/{id}
/api/document/{id}
/api/message/{id}
/api/address/{id}/update
/api/address/{id}/delete
File Downloads
/download/invoice_{id}.pdf
/static/receipts/{id}.pdf
/uploads/documents/{filename}
/files/reports/report_{date}_{id}.xlsx
Query Parameters
?userId=123
?orderId=456
?documentId=789
?file=report_123.pdf
?account=user@email.com

Quick Reference

IDOR Testing Checklist
TestMethodIndicator of Vulnerability
Increment/Decrement IDChange id=5 to id=4Returns different user's data
Use Victim's IDReplace with known victim IDAccess granted to victim's resources
Enumerate RangeTest IDs 1-1000Find valid records of other users
Negative ValuesTest id=-1 or id=0Unexpected data or errors
Large ValuesTest id=99999999System information disclosure
String IDsChange format id=user_123Logic bypass
GUID ManipulationModify UUID portionsPredictable UUID patterns
Response Analysis
Status CodeInterpretation
200 OKPotential IDOR - verify data ownership
403 ForbiddenThis request denied; not proof of overall authorization coverage
404 Not FoundMissing or deliberately concealed resource; verify with authorized owner session
401 UnauthorizedAuthentication required
500 ErrorPotential input validation issue
Common Vulnerable Parameters
Parameter TypeExamples
User identifiersuserId, uid, user_id, account
Resource identifiersid, pid, docId, fileId
Order/TransactionorderId, transactionId, invoiceId
Message/CommunicationmessageId, threadId, chatId
File referencesfilename, file, document, path

Constraints and Limitations

Operational Boundaries
  • Requires at least two valid user accounts for verification
  • Some applications use session-bound tokens instead of IDs
  • GUID/UUID references harder to enumerate but not impossible
  • Rate limiting may restrict enumeration attempts
  • Some IDOR requires chained vulnerabilities to exploit
Detection Challenges
  • Horizontal privilege escalation (user-to-user) vs vertical (user-to-admin)
  • Blind IDOR where response doesn't confirm access
  • Time-based IDOR in asynchronous operations
  • IDOR in websocket communications
Legal Requirements
  • Only test applications with explicit authorization
  • Document all testing activities and findings
  • Do not access, modify, or exfiltrate real user data
  • Report findings through proper disclosure channels

Examples

Example 1: Basic ID Parameter IDOR
# Login as attacker (userId=1001)
# Navigate to profile page
# Original request
GET /api/profile?id=1001 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=abc123
# Response: Attacker's profile data
# Modified request (targeting victim userId=1000)
GET /api/profile?id=1000 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=abc123
# Vulnerable Response: Victim's profile data returned!
Example 2: IDOR in Address Update Endpoint
# Intercept address update request
PUT /api/addresses/5/update HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: session=attacker_session
{
"id": 5,
"userId": 1001,
"street": "123 Main St",
"city": "Test City"
}
# Modify userId to victim's ID
{
"id": 5,
"userId": 1000, # Changed from 1001
"street": "Hacked Address",
"city": "Exploit City"
}
# Verify actual state in the second controlled account; 200 alone is not proof.
Example 3: Static File IDOR
# Download own receipt
GET /api/download/5 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session
# Response: PDF of attacker's receipt (order #5)
# Attempt to access other receipts
GET /api/download/3 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=attacker_session
# Vulnerable Response: PDF of victim's receipt (order #3)!
Example 4: Burp Intruder Enumeration
# Configure Intruder attack
Target: PUT /api/addresses/§1§/update
Payload Position: Address ID in URL and body
Attack Configuration:
- Type: Battering Ram
- Payload: Numbers 0-20, Step 1
Body Template:
{
"id": §1§,
"userId": 3
}
# Analyze results:
# - 200 responses require controlled-account state verification
# - Check victim's account for new addresses
Example 5: Horizontal to Vertical Escalation
# Step 1: Enumerate user roles
GET /api/user/1 → {"role": "user", "id": 1}
GET /api/user/2 → {"role": "user", "id": 2}
GET /api/user/3 → {"role": "admin", "id": 3}
# Step 2: Access admin functions with discovered ID
GET /api/admin/dashboard?userId=3 HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=regular_user_session
# If accessible: Vertical privilege escalation achieved

Troubleshooting

Issue: All Requests Return 403 Forbidden

Cause: Server-side access control is implemented Solution:

# Try alternative attack vectors:
1. HTTP method switching (GET → POST → PUT)
2. Add X-Original-URL or X-Rewrite-URL headers
3. Try parameter pollution: ?id=1001&id=1000
4. URL encoding variations: %31%30%30%30 for "1000"
5. Case variations for string IDs
Issue: Application Uses UUIDs Instead of Sequential IDs

Cause: Randomized identifiers reduce enumeration risk Solution:

# UUID discovery techniques:
1. Check response bodies for leaked UUIDs
2. Search JavaScript files for hardcoded UUIDs
3. Check API responses that list multiple objects
4. Look for UUID patterns in error messages
5. Try UUID v1 (time-based) prediction if applicable
Issue: Session Token Bound to User

Cause: Application validates session against requested resource Solution:

# Advanced bypass attempts:
1. Test for IDOR in unauthenticated endpoints
2. Check password reset/email verification flows
3. Look for IDOR in file upload/download
4. Test API versioning: /api/v1/ vs /api/v2/
5. Check mobile API endpoints (often less protected)
Issue: Rate Limiting Blocks Enumeration

Cause: Application implements request throttling Solution:

# Bypass techniques:
1. Add delays between requests (Burp Intruder throttle)
2. Rotate IP addresses (proxy chains)
3. Target specific high-value IDs instead of full range
4. Use different endpoints for same resources
5. Test during off-peak hours

This is the start of the file. Read the full SKILL.md on GitHub.

Security

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Source

Popularity

Repository stars
26,383
Repository forks
4,499
Repository npm downloads, 7 days
6,951
7-day trend score
72

Stars and forks are for the whole GitHub repository, not this skill alone. Downloads are for the repository's npm package. Refreshed 21 Mar 2026, 7 months ago.

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