Skill v1.0.0
currentAutomated scan96/100name: playbook-services-agreement description: "Firm playbook: positions, fallbacks, and approved clause text for US commercial services and consulting agreements, taken from the customer side. Do not apply to agreements governed by non-US law." metadata: version: "1.0.0"
This is an executable firm playbook for US commercial services and consulting agreements, reviewed from the customer (services recipient) side. The contract-type and jurisdiction tags for every position below come from this header (commercial services/consulting agreement; US governing law).
Each ## section is one clause type, stated on a fixed schema so the redline tool can paste the firm text byte-exact, the deterministic lint can detect deviation, and document-reviewer can band each clause:
- Preferred — the firm's default opening position. Text inside an
``approved fence is the firm-approved replacement text — copy it byte-exact into the redline tool's replacement` arg.
- Fallbacks — acceptable rungs below Preferred, each introduced by the
"when" condition that justifies offering it (the "offer when" trigger). Text inside an ```approved-fallback fence is the firm's fallback text, to be used only when its stated condition is met.
- Unacceptable — the walk-away floor: the position the firm does not concede
below without a human decision.
- Rationale — why the position sits where it does.
These positions are firm-configurable defaults, calibrated to be market-balanced rather than aspirational. The matter's .dochaus/profile.md (see the firm-profile skill) overrides any Preferred, fallback, or floor here; where it is silent, these defaults apply. When a counterparty term sits at or below the Unacceptable floor, do not concede: escalate to the supervising lawyer for the matter, or to the contact named in the profile's Escalation Rules. The escalation is addressed to that role, not a named person, so the position outlasts any individual assignment.
Jurisdiction guard: The positions below reflect US commercial market practice and assume a US governing law. If the agreement's governing law is outside the United States, do not apply this playbook; flag the mismatch instead of adapting the clauses. Enforceability of particular terms varies by state — treat the positions as market reference points, not statements of law.
Scope of services and statements of work
Preferred: All services are performed under written statements of work that incorporate the agreement, with a written change-order process; neither party is obligated by, or pays for, work outside an executed SOW or change order.
Provider shall perform the services described in one or more statements of workexecuted by both parties (each, an "SOW"). Each SOW is governed by andincorporates this Agreement, and in the event of a conflict between an SOW andthis Agreement, this Agreement controls unless the SOW expressly identifies theconflicting provision and states that it controls. Any change to the scope,schedule, deliverables, or fees of an SOW is effective only when set out in awritten change order executed by both parties. Customer has no obligation to payfor services performed, or expenses incurred, outside an executed SOW or changeorder.
Unacceptable: services defined only by a vague recital with no SOW mechanism; changes to scope or fees effective by email or by the provider's notice alone; an SOW permitted to override the agreement's liability, indemnity, or IP terms without expressly saying so.
Rationale: SOW discipline is the control surface for the whole agreement: it bounds fees, defines acceptance, and prevents the provider from converting informal requests into billable scope. Silent SOW-over-master precedence lets negotiated protections be undone in later paperwork that legal never sees.
Payment terms
Preferred: Invoices payable net thirty days, fees fixed for the SOW term, pre-approved expenses only, and a good-faith dispute right that suspends only the disputed portion.
Provider shall invoice Customer as set forth in the applicable SOW. Undisputedamounts are due within thirty (30) days after Customer's receipt of a correctinvoice. Customer may withhold any amount it disputes in good faith, provided itpays the undisputed portion and notifies Provider of the basis for the dispute,and the parties shall work in good faith to resolve the dispute promptly. Feesare fixed for the term of the applicable SOW. Customer shall reimburse onlyreasonable, documented out-of-pocket expenses approved by Customer in advance inwriting. Except as stated in an SOW, each party bears its own taxes, and Customeris not responsible for taxes based on Provider's income.
Fallbacks: when the provider has genuine working-capital constraints and the engagement is short.
Provider shall invoice Customer as set forth in the applicable SOW. Undisputedamounts are due within fifteen (15) days after Customer's receipt of a correctinvoice. Customer may withhold any amount it disputes in good faith, provided itpays the undisputed portion and notifies Provider of the basis for the dispute.Customer shall reimburse only reasonable, documented out-of-pocket expensesapproved by Customer in advance in writing.
Unacceptable: payment due on receipt or in fewer than fifteen days; automatic late fees or interest accruing on disputed amounts; a provider right to suspend all services for nonpayment of a disputed invoice; uncapped or unapproved expense pass-through; rate increases during an SOW term.
Rationale: Net thirty with a carve-out for good-faith disputes is the US commercial baseline. The dispute mechanics matter more than the day count: if disputed amounts accrue interest or trigger suspension, the customer's only leverage over defective work disappears.
Intellectual property in deliverables
Preferred: Deliverables are owned by the customer on payment as work made for hire (with a backup assignment); the provider retains its pre-existing materials and general know-how but grants a broad license to whatever pre-existing materials are embedded in the deliverables.
Subject to Provider's receipt of payment for the applicable deliverable, alldeliverables specified in an SOW are works made for hire for Customer to theextent permitted by applicable law, and Provider hereby assigns to Customer allright, title, and interest in and to the deliverables, including all intellectualproperty rights therein, to the extent they are not works made for hire. Providerretains all right, title, and interest in and to its pre-existing materials,tools, methodologies, and generalized knowledge and skills ("ProviderMaterials"). To the extent any Provider Materials are incorporated into ornecessary to use a deliverable, Provider grants Customer a perpetual,irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable license touse, reproduce, modify, and distribute such Provider Materials as part of thedeliverables. Provider shall not incorporate any third-party or open-sourcematerials into a deliverable without Customer's prior written approval.
Fallbacks: when the provider's business model depends on reusing deliverable components and the customer does not need exclusivity.
Provider retains ownership of the deliverables and of its pre-existing materials,tools, and methodologies. Upon Provider's receipt of payment for the applicabledeliverable, Provider grants Customer a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide,non-exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid-up license to use, reproduce, modify,distribute, and create derivative works of the deliverables for Customer'sbusiness purposes, including the right to sublicense to Customer's affiliates andcontractors acting on Customer's behalf. Provider shall not incorporate anythird-party or open-source materials into a deliverable without Customer's priorwritten approval.
Unacceptable: provider ownership of deliverables with only a terminable or revocable license back; any assignment to the provider of the customer's pre-existing intellectual property or data; ownership conditioned on payment of amounts disputed in good faith; silence on embedded third-party or open-source components.
Rationale: The customer pays for the deliverables and should own them; the provider legitimately keeps its toolkit. The embedded-materials license is the clause that makes ownership real — owning a deliverable you cannot lawfully run or modify is worthless. Work-made-for-hire status depends on the work's category under US copyright law, which is why the express backup assignment is required rather than optional.
Warranties
Preferred: The provider warrants professional, workmanlike performance conforming to the SOW, non-infringement, and compliance with applicable law, with re-performance or refund as the first-line remedy for nonconforming services.
Provider represents and warrants that: (a) the services will be performed in aprofessional and workmanlike manner consistent with generally accepted industrystandards by appropriately qualified personnel; (b) the services and deliverableswill conform in all material respects to the specifications in the applicableSOW; (c) to Provider's knowledge, the deliverables do not infringe ormisappropriate any third party's intellectual property rights; and (d) Providerwill comply with all laws applicable to its performance of the services. For anybreach of the warranty in clause (a) or (b), Customer's initial remedy is forProvider to re-perform the nonconforming services or correct the nonconformingdeliverable at no charge within thirty (30) days of notice; if Provider fails todo so, Customer may terminate the applicable SOW and receive a refund of feespaid for the nonconforming services or deliverable. This remedy is in additionto, and not in lieu of, Customer's other rights and remedies under thisAgreement.
Fallbacks: when the provider insists that re-performance and refund be the exclusive remedy for the performance warranty.
Provider represents and warrants that: (a) the services will be performed in aprofessional and workmanlike manner consistent with generally accepted industrystandards by appropriately qualified personnel; (b) the services and deliverableswill conform in all material respects to the specifications in the applicableSOW; and (c) Provider will comply with all laws applicable to its performance ofthe services. For any breach of the warranty in clause (a) or (b), Customer'sexclusive remedy is for Provider to re-perform the nonconforming services orcorrect the nonconforming deliverable at no charge within thirty (30) days ofnotice and, if Provider fails to do so, termination of the applicable SOW and arefund of fees paid for the nonconforming services or deliverable. Thisexclusivity does not limit Customer's rights under the indemnification orlimitation of liability provisions of this Agreement.
Unacceptable: services provided entirely "as is"; a warranty period shorter than thirty days from delivery or acceptance; a disclaimer that also disclaims the express warranties given in the agreement; an exclusive remedy that swallows the indemnities.
Rationale: Professional-services warranties are about conformance and competence, not perfection. The re-performance ladder gives the provider a fair cure path while preserving refund and termination as the backstop; the fallback concedes exclusivity only for the performance warranty and expressly preserves the indemnity, which is the concession providers actually need.
Indemnification
Preferred: The provider indemnifies against third-party claims of IP infringement and claims arising from bodily injury, property damage, or the provider's gross negligence or willful misconduct, with a standard control-of-defense procedure and IP mitigation options.
Provider shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Customer and its affiliates,and their respective officers, directors, and employees, from and against anythird-party claim, and all resulting damages, costs, and reasonable attorneys'fees, to the extent arising from: (a) an allegation that the services ordeliverables infringe or misappropriate a third party's intellectual propertyrights; (b) bodily injury, death, or damage to tangible property caused byProvider's acts or omissions; or (c) Provider's gross negligence or willfulmisconduct. Customer shall give Provider prompt written notice of the claim,reasonable cooperation at Provider's expense, and sole control of the defense andsettlement, provided that Provider shall not settle any claim in a manner thatimposes liability on or requires an admission by Customer without Customer'sprior written consent. If a deliverable is, or in Provider's reasonable opinionis likely to become, the subject of an infringement claim, Provider shall, at itsown expense, procure for Customer the right to continue using it, or modify orreplace it so that it is non-infringing without material loss of functionality;if neither is commercially practicable, Provider may require return of thedeliverable and shall refund the fees paid for it.
Fallbacks: when the provider requires standard exceptions to the IP indemnity.
Provider's obligations under clause (a) do not apply to the extent the allegedinfringement arises from: (i) Customer's modification of a deliverable other thanby Provider or with Provider's written approval; (ii) Customer's combination of adeliverable with materials not provided or approved by Provider, where thedeliverable alone would not infringe; or (iii) Customer's use of a deliverable inbreach of this Agreement, in each case where the claim would not have arisen butfor such modification, combination, or use.
Unacceptable: no IP indemnity at all; an IP indemnity capped at or below the general liability cap with no separate treatment; a customer obligation to indemnify the provider for the provider's own performance of the services; a provider right to settle claims imposing obligations on the customer without consent.
Rationale: The IP indemnity is the customer's only practical protection against a third party enjoining use of work it has already paid for, which is why it pairs with the procure-modify-replace-refund ladder. The fallback exceptions are market-standard and properly limited by the but-for qualifier; broader exceptions hollow out the indemnity.
Limitation of liability
Preferred: A mutual exclusion of consequential damages and a mutual cap at the greater of fees paid or payable under the applicable SOW in the twelve months preceding the claim, with carve-outs for indemnification obligations, confidentiality breach, IP infringement, gross negligence, and willful misconduct.
Except for Excluded Claims, neither party is liable to the other for anyindirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages, or for lostprofits, revenue, or data, arising out of or relating to this Agreement, even ifadvised of the possibility of such damages. Except for Excluded Claims, eachparty's total aggregate liability arising out of or relating to this Agreementand all SOWs shall not exceed the total fees paid or payable by Customer underthe applicable SOW in the twelve (12) months preceding the event giving rise tothe claim. "Excluded Claims" means: (a) a party's indemnification obligationsunder this Agreement; (b) a party's breach of its confidentiality obligations;(c) Provider's infringement or misappropriation of Customer's intellectualproperty; (d) a party's gross negligence or willful misconduct; and (e)Customer's obligation to pay fees due under this Agreement.
Fallbacks: when the provider will not accept uncapped indemnification and the deal warrants a super-cap compromise.
Except for Excluded Claims, neither party is liable to the other for anyindirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages, or for lostprofits, revenue, or data, arising out of or relating to this Agreement, even ifadvised of the possibility of such damages. Each party's total aggregateliability arising out of or relating to this Agreement and all SOWs shall notexceed the total fees paid or payable by Customer under the applicable SOW in thetwelve (12) months preceding the event giving rise to the claim, except that fora party's indemnification obligations and breach of confidentiality obligationsthe cap is three (3) times that amount. "Excluded Claims" means a party's grossnegligence or willful misconduct, Provider's infringement or misappropriation ofCustomer's intellectual property, and Customer's obligation to pay fees due underthis Agreement, none of which are subject to any cap under this Agreement.
Unacceptable: a one-way limitation protecting only the provider; a cap below fees paid in the preceding twelve months; consequential-damages exclusions or caps that apply to the provider's indemnification or confidentiality obligations with no super-cap; an exclusion of liability for gross negligence or willful misconduct.
Rationale: Mutuality and the carve-out list are where these clauses are won or lost — a twelve-month fee cap that also caps the IP indemnity converts the indemnity into a refund. The three-times super-cap is the standard middle ground when fully uncapped indemnities are refused. Whether particular exclusions are enforceable varies by state, which is a further reason not to rely on aggressive exclusions surviving review.
Termination
Preferred: Customer may terminate for convenience on thirty days' notice; either party may terminate for uncured material breach on thirty days' notice or immediately on the other's insolvency; on termination the customer pays for conforming work performed through the effective date and receives all work in progress.
Customer may terminate this Agreement or any SOW for convenience upon thirty (30)days' prior written notice to Provider. Either party may terminate this Agreementor the affected SOW if the other party materially breaches it and fails to curethe breach within thirty (30) days after written notice describing the breach, orimmediately upon written notice if the other party becomes insolvent or subjectto bankruptcy or receivership proceedings that are not dismissed within sixty(60) days. Upon termination, Customer shall pay Provider for services performedin conformance with this Agreement through the effective date of termination andfor non-cancellable expenses approved in advance, and Provider shall promptlydeliver to Customer all completed and in-progress deliverables and all Customermaterials and data in its possession. Provisions that by their nature shouldsurvive termination — including those governing payment, intellectual property,confidentiality, indemnification, and limitation of liability — survive.
Fallbacks: when the provider requires compensation for early convenience termination of a fixed-fee SOW.
Customer may terminate this Agreement or any SOW for convenience upon thirty (30)days' prior written notice to Provider. If Customer terminates a fixed-fee SOWfor convenience, Customer shall pay the portion of the fixed fee proportionate tothe services performed in conformance with this Agreement through the effectivedate of termination, as reasonably documented by Provider, in lieu of anytermination charge. Either party may terminate this Agreement or the affected SOWif the other party materially breaches it and fails to cure the breach withinthirty (30) days after written notice describing the breach. Upon termination,Provider shall promptly deliver to Customer all completed and in-progressdeliverables and all Customer materials and data in its possession.
Unacceptable: no customer right to terminate for convenience; termination charges or acceleration of unearned fees on convenience termination beyond work actually performed; a cure period shorter than ten days for non-payment-related breaches; provider retention of customer data or deliverables as leverage after termination.
Rationale: Convenience termination with payment for work performed is the standard customer exit from a services relationship that is not working; the provider's protection is compensation for conforming work, not lock-in. Handback of work in progress and customer data must be unconditional — a withholding right turns every fee dispute into a hostage situation.
Governing law
Preferred: Governing law of the State of Delaware without regard to conflict-of-laws principles, exclusive venue in Delaware courts, and a waiver that does not reach equitable relief.
This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of theState of Delaware, without regard to its conflict-of-laws principles. The partiesconsent to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courtslocated in Delaware for any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement,except that either party may seek injunctive or other equitable relief in anycourt of competent jurisdiction.
Fallbacks: when the counterparty rejects Delaware and proposes a major commercial jurisdiction.
This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of theState of New York, without regard to its conflict-of-laws principles. The partiesconsent to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courtslocated in New York County, New York for any dispute arising out of or relatingto this Agreement, except that either party may seek injunctive or otherequitable relief in any court of competent jurisdiction.
Unacceptable: governing law outside the United States (escalate — this playbook does not apply); the counterparty's home jurisdiction where it is not a neutral major commercial forum; mandatory arbitration with no equitable-relief exception; a jury-trial or class-waiver provision added without specific review.
Rationale: Delaware is the firm's standard neutral default and New York the standard concession for US commercial agreements. A non-US governing law changes the assumptions behind every other position in this playbook, so it must be escalated rather than redlined.