wshaddix/dotnet-skills/dotnet-aot-architecture

// BEFORE: Reflection-based (breaks under AOT)
var logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<OrderService>();
logger.LogInformation("Order {OrderId} created for {Customer}", order.Id, order.CustomerId);
 
// AFTER: Source-generated (AOT-safe, zero-alloc)
public partial class OrderService
{
    [LoggerMessage(Level = LogLevel.Information,
        Message = "Order {OrderId} created for {Customer}")]
    private static partial void LogOrderCreated(
        ILogger logger, int orderId, string customer);
}
 
// Usage:
LogOrderCreated(_logger, order.Id, order.CustomerId);

var builder = WebApplication.CreateSlimBuilder(args);
 
// Explicit registrations -- AOT-safe
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IOrderRepository, PostgresOrderRepository>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IOrderService, OrderService>();
builder.Services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, SmtpEmailSender>();
builder.Services.AddSingleton(TimeProvider.System);

// BAD: Assembly scanning uses reflection -- breaks under AOT
builder.Services.Scan(scan => scan
    .FromAssemblyOf<OrderService>()
    .AddClasses(classes => classes.AssignableTo<IService>())
    .AsImplementedInterfaces()
    .WithScopedLifetime());
 
// GOOD: Explicit registrations grouped by concern
builder.Services.AddOrderServices();
builder.Services.AddInventoryServices();
 
// Extension method groups related registrations
public static class OrderServiceExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddOrderServices(
        this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddScoped<IOrderService, OrderService>();
        services.AddScoped<IOrderRepository, PostgresOrderRepository>();
        services.AddScoped<IOrderValidator, OrderValidator>();
        return services;
    }
}

// AOT-safe keyed service registration
builder.Services.AddKeyedSingleton<INotificationSender, EmailSender>("email");
builder.Services.AddKeyedSingleton<INotificationSender, SmsSender>("sms");
 
// Resolve by key
app.MapPost("/notify", ([FromKeyedServices("email")] INotificationSender sender) =>
    sender.SendAsync("Hello"));

// Define serializable types
[JsonSerializable(typeof(Product))]
[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<Product>))]
[JsonSourceGenerationOptions(
    PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonKnownNamingPolicy.CamelCase)]
internal partial class AppJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext { }
 
// Register in ASP.NET Core
builder.Services.ConfigureHttpJsonOptions(options =>
{
    options.SerializerOptions.TypeInfoResolverChain.Insert(0,
        AppJsonContext.Default);
});

// BAD: Reflection-based creation -- breaks under AOT
public T CreateHandler<T>() where T : class
    => (T)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T))!;
 
// GOOD: Factory with explicit registration
public class HandlerFactory
{
    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Func<IHandler>> _factories = new();
 
    public void Register<T>(Func<T> factory) where T : IHandler
        => _factories[typeof(T)] = () => factory();
 
    public IHandler Create<T>() where T : IHandler
        => _factories[typeof(T)]();
}
 
// Registration
var factory = new HandlerFactory();
factory.Register<OrderHandler>(() => new OrderHandler(repository, logger));
factory.Register<PaymentHandler>(() => new PaymentHandler(gateway));

// BAD: Dynamic type resolution
public IPaymentProcessor GetProcessor(string type)
{
    var processorType = Type.GetType($"MyApp.Payments.{type}Processor");
    return (IPaymentProcessor)Activator.CreateInstance(processorType!)!;
}
 
// GOOD: Keyed services (.NET 8+)
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<IPaymentProcessor, CreditCardProcessor>("CreditCard");
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<IPaymentProcessor, BankTransferProcessor>("BankTransfer");
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<IPaymentProcessor, WalletProcessor>("Wallet");
 
// Resolve at runtime without reflection
app.MapPost("/pay", (
    [FromQuery] string type,
    IServiceProvider sp) =>
{
    var processor = sp.GetRequiredKeyedService<IPaymentProcessor>(type);
    return processor.ProcessAsync();
});

// For a fixed set of types, use a switch expression
public static IExporter CreateExporter(ExportFormat format) => format switch
{
    ExportFormat.Csv => new CsvExporter(),
    ExportFormat.Json => new JsonExporter(),
    ExportFormat.Pdf => new PdfExporter(),
    _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(format))
};

# Build with all analyzers enabled
dotnet build /p:EnableAotAnalyzer=true /p:EnableTrimAnalyzer=true /p:TrimmerSingleWarn=false
 
# Warnings indicate AOT-incompatible usage
# IL3050 = RequiresDynamicCode (definitely breaks)
# IL2026 = RequiresUnreferencedCode (may break)

src/
  MyApp/
    Program.cs                   # CreateSlimBuilder, explicit DI
    MyApp.csproj                 # PublishAot=true, EnableAotAnalyzer=true
    JsonContext.cs               # [JsonSerializable] for all API types
    Endpoints/
      OrderEndpoints.cs          # Minimal API route groups
      ProductEndpoints.cs
    Services/
      OrderService.cs            # Business logic (no reflection)
      IOrderService.cs
    Repositories/
      OrderRepository.cs         # Data access (Dapper or EF precompiled)
    Extensions/
      ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs  # Grouped DI registrations